Corrected
Ulrich Schmid (1995) 'Marcion und sein Apostolos: Rekonstruktion und historische Einordnung
- der marcionitischen Paulusbriefausgabe' (Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung 25) Berlin: de Gruyter.
- translation:
'Marcion & his Apostolos: reconstruction & historical classification [of] the Marcionite Paul's letter output' (works for NT Textual Research 25)
note: Dieter Roth says the methodology employed there^ by Ulrich Schmid, in his reconstruction of Marcion’s Apostolikon, also has important methodological insights for reconstructing Marcion’s Gospel. eg. Dieter T Roth (2012) below +/- Dieter T Roth (2015)
Henry Chadwick (2001) Marcion' in The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great
- 'Marcion, a shipmaster from Pontus on the Black Sea, in about 140 AD proclaimed a radical distinction between the law and the gospel, putting a negative interpretation on the Old Testament and its God. His partly Gnostic ideas involved revulsion at the physical world and the total depravity of humankind. The negative reaction to Marcion's ideas in the Church caused him to develop an even sharper distinction between the old and the new, giving all the Old Testament references in the gospels and Paul a negative significance.'
Ulrich Schmid (2003) “How Can We Access Second Century Gospel Texts? The Cases of Marcion and Tatian”,
- in The New Testament Text in Early Christianity/Le texte du Nouveau Testament au debut du christianisme,
eds. Christian-B. Amphoux and J. Keith Elliott. Lausanne: Editions du Zebre, 143: 139-50.
Joseph B Tyson (2006) Marcion and Luke-Acts: a defining struggle. University of South Carolina Press.
- makes a case for not only Luke but also Acts being a response to Marcion, rather than Marcion's gospel being a rewrite of Luke.
Dieter T. Roth (2008) “Marcion’s Gospel and Luke: The History of Research in Current Debate,”
- Journal of Biblical Literature 127: 513-27.
Matthias Klinghardt (2008) 'The Marcionite Gospel and the Synoptic Problem: A New Suggestion'
- Novum Testamentum; 50(1):1-27.
- Abstract: 'The most recent debate of the Synoptic Problem resulted in a dead-lock: The best-established solutions, the Two-Source-Hypothesis and the Farrer-Goodacre-Theory, are burdened with a number of apparent weaknesses. On the other hand, the arguments raised against these theories are cogent. An alternative possibility, that avoids the problems created by either of them, is the inclusion of the gospel used by Marcion. This gospel is not a redaction of Luke, but rather precedes Matthew and Luke and, therefore, belongs into the maze of the synoptic interrelations. The resulting model avoids the weaknesses of the previous theories and provides compelling and obvious solutions to the notoriously difficult problems.'
Full article: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B75F1hK ... edit?pli=1
notes: presents an argument that the Marcionite Evangelion text ('the Gospel of the Lord') more than likely preceded the canonical Gospel of Luke. Klinghardt deduced that the 'Gospel Marcion' had influenced the formation of both the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke.
- Christopher M. Hays (2008) Marcion vs. Luke: A Response to the Plädoyer of Matthias Klinghardt
- Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und Kunde der Älteren Kirche. 99(2): pp. 213–232.
ISSN (Online) 1613-009X, ISSN (Print) 0044-2615, DOI: 10.1515/ZNTW.2008.017
- Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und Kunde der Älteren Kirche. 99(2): pp. 213–232.
Dieter T. Roth (2009) 'Towards a New Reconstruction of the Text of Marcion’s Gospel:
- History of Research, Sources, Methodology, and the Testimony of Tertullian.' A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. in New Testament and Christian Origins, The University of Edinburgh.
available online - https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/ ... sequence=1
- Please note the terms and conditions of use on the first page
It seems to be an extremely thorough study
- Please note the terms and conditions of use on the first page
Andrew Radde‐Gallwitz (2009) 'Simplicity and the Problem of Contradiction: Ptolemy and the Legacy of Marcion'
- in Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Transformation of Divine Simplicity, Oxford University Press
'Chapter 1 focuses on the role divine simplicity played in the debates surrounding Marcion of Sinope, the second‐century theologian who distinguished the God of the Old Testament from the God of the New. After reviewing the responses to Marcion offered by Tertullian and Irenaeus of Lyons, particular attention is given to Ptolemaeus Gnosticus ([wiki]Ptolemy (gnostic)[/wiki]) who, like the others, sought to avoid attributing contradictory motives to God. Ptolemy achieved this by distinguishing between a first God, who is simple and uninvolved with creation, and a second God, who is complex and involved with matter and the created order. The chapter engages a commonplace modern objection to divine simplicity, that the idea is incompatible with the biblical portrayal of God as active in the world. It notes that ancient theologians like Ptolemy had resources for responding to this that are no longer available. Ptolemy could distinguish a first God and second, active God. Most importantly, however, Ptolemy and the modern objector agree that simplicity is inconsistent with activity. It is left to subsequent chapters to demonstrate how Basil and Gregory reject this assumption without falling into contradiction.'
Sebastian Moll (2010) The Arch-Heretic Marcion
- and Moll's 2009 PhD dissertation: 'At the Left Hand of Christ: The Arch-Heretic Marcion'
- https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/ ... sequence=2
Marcion is unanimously acknowledged to be one of the most important and most intriguing figures of the Early Church. In spite of this importance, there is no comprehensive up-to-date study on his life and thought. Thus, the desire to fill this gap within the academic world – which is inconvenient for both students and professors alike – has been my inspiration for writing this thesis. However, this work does not only aim at providing a complete study on Marcion for the twenty-first century, but also at ridding scholarship from several severe misconceptions regarding the arch-heretic. The main argument of my study is that previous scholarship has turned Marcion’s exegesis of Scripture upside down. He did not find the inspiration for his doctrine in the teachings of the Apostle Paul, it is the Old Testament and its portrait of an inconsistent, vengeful and cruel God which forms the centre of his doctrine. Marcion does not understand the Old Testament in the light of the New, he interprets the New Testament in the light of the Old. This insight casts a new light on Marcion’s place within the history of the Church, as the initiator of a fundamental crisis of the Old Testament in the second century. But not only did he have an enormous influence on Christian exegesis, he also stands at the beginning of the epochal fight between orthodoxy and heresy. As the first man to ever officially break with the Church, and whose biography would become a stereotype for future heresiologists, Marcion can rightfully claim the title of ‘arch-heretic’.
https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/5817
Vincent M (2011) Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament; Ashgate Publishing.
"..this book attempts to restore Marcion to pre-eminence among the major contributors to the development of early Christianity." Mark DelCogliano, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota , USA
"Vinzent provocatively argues that Paul’s strong emphasis on the salvific character of Christ’s resurrection had waned in the second generation of Christianity until the response to Marcion’s “spiritual” gospel began slowly to restore the resurrection of Jesus in Christian theology and worship."
Paul M. Blowers, Emmanuel Christian Seminary, Johnson City, USA
James Carleton Paget (2012) Marcion & the Resurrection: Some Thoughts on a Recent Book Journal for the Study of the New Testament 35(1); 74-102
- "[MV argues], amongst other things, that Marcion lies behind an apparent rise of interest in the resurrection in the middle of the second century as well as the writing of the canonical Gospels. This review article examines both the way the case is argued and the evidence brought forward to support it."
Dieter T Roth (2012) 'Marcion & the Early New Testament Text'
- in The Early Text of the New Testament; Charles E Hill & Michael J Kruger eds.
- This chapter considers the insight that can be gained into the early text of the NT through Marcion’s Apostolikon and Euangelion. Though Adolf von Harnack’s magisterial work on Marcion’s scriptures remains important, recent research has revealed numerous problems with his reconstructions and this chapter seeks to present the results of work done by Ulrich Schmid and the present author on Marcion’s Pauline letter collection and Gospel, respectively. Both Marcion’s Apostolikon and Euangelion reveal affinities to the so-called ‘Western’ textual tradition, though the text is definitely not the ‘D-text’ and likely represents a precursor to the ‘Western’ text. At several points it is shown that Marcion’s text is not as radically emended as has often been assumed, and that in many instances it can be located within and provide insight into the extant textual tradition.
Jason D. BeDuhn (2013) 'The First New Testament: Marcion's Scriptural Canon' Polebridge Press; Paperback
- "Critics of Marcion like Tertullian and Epiphanius complained that Marcion cut and edited scripture to fit his beliefs. Biblical scholar Adolf von Harnack accepted this claim in his definitive text on Marcion: Marcion: The Gospel of an Alien God (1920). However, Tertullian and Epiphanius lived several generations after Marcion, and they assumed the New Testament they read already existed in Marcion’s era. It didn’t. Marcion’s [early] critics were reading history backward instead of forward: there was no New Testament yet." http://www.westarinstitute.org/blog/mar ... testament/
- Clayton N. Jefford (2014) The First NT: Marcion’s Scriptural Canon by Jason D. BeDuhn (review) Journal of Early Christian Studies 22(3): pp. 471-472. "BeDuhn has achieved his goal, providing a useable reconstruction of Marcion’s texts that others will find immediately useful. He is careful to acknowledge that his rendering is sometimes secure and at other times..."
'Jason BeDuhn introduces Marcion, reconstructs his text, and explores his impact on the study of Luke-Acts, the two-source theory, and the Q hypothesis.'
“A comprehensive and impressively documented scholarly study of Marcion’s original compilation of sacred scriptures … an essential contribution to personal and academic Christian Studies collections”
—Midwest Book Review
“In this bold undertaking, Jason BeDuhn sets forth, for the first time, a complete English translation of the Bible of Marcion. With a useful introduction to all relevant issues, a readable translation of this First New Testament, and copious notes supporting each textual decision, BeDuhn has provided a work of scholarship that is sure to be both welcomed and controversial. For historians of early Christianity, this will be a book to be reckoned with.”
—Bart D. Ehrman, James A. Gray Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
“This is an important book that fills a large gap in the resources needed for the study of second-century Christianity and Marcion in particular. It is an exhaustive examination of the relevant sources and a masterful, methodologically sensitive, treatment of Marcion’s significance.”
—Joseph B. Tyson, professor emeritus, Southern Methodist University, author of 'Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle'
http://www.westarinstitute.org/store/th ... testament/
Eric W. Scherbenske (2013) 'Marcionite Paratexts, Pretexts, and Edition of the Corpus Paulinum'
- in Canonising Paul: Ancient Editorial Practice and the Corpus Paulinum, Oxford University Press
Chapter 2 contends that Marcion's text of Paul's letters was shaped by Marcion's Antitheses and the so-called “Marcionite prologues” (argumenta). These 'paratexts' introduced the principles by which Marcion edited the text, thereby offering justification for “correcting” the text in accordance with his hermeneutic and introducing interpretations of the text under Marcionite rubrics. As an isagogic work, the Antitheses served to guide readers to a Marcionite interpretation of the text. Particularly important is the investigation of the impact of Marcion's Antitheses and argumenta on the reception of his text: Marcion's paratexts were so influential in shaping readers' perceptions of Marcion's text that his opponents consistently indicted him for corrupting the “authentic” text, even for textual readings he did not create, but merely transmitted.
Vincent M (2014) 'Marcion and the Dating of the Synoptic Gospels' (Studia patristica supplement 2) Leuven: Peeters.
- Summary: Are the Synoptic Gospels at odds with Early Christian art and archaeology? Art and archaeology cannot provide the material basis 'to secure the irrefutable inner continuity' of the Christian beginnings (Erich Dinkler); can the Synoptic Gospels step in? Their narratives, however, are as absent from the first hundred and fourty years of early Christianity as are their visual imageries. 'Many of the dates confidently assigned by modern experts to the New Testament documents', especially the Gospels, rest 'on presuppositions rather than facts' (J.A.T. Robinson, 1976). The present volume is the first systematic study of all available early evidence that we have about the first witness to our Gospel narratives, Marcion of Sinope. It evaluates our commonly known arguments for dating the Synoptic Gospels, elaborates on Marcion's crucial role in the Gospel making and argues for a re-dating of the Gospels to the years between 138 and 144 AD.
"One of the most important insights of my 'Marcion and the Dating of the Synoptic Gospels' (2014) was the discovery that Marcion’s Gospel existed in two different versions, first as a pre-published, presumably stand-alone draft, and secondly as a published edition with the framing of the Antitheses and the 10 Pauline Letters. How did I derive to this conclusion? The key text in this respect is Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem IV 4,2 which, in a second step, I’d like to put into the broader frame of Tertullian’s discussion of Marcion’s Antitheses and his Gospel in Adversus Marcionem IV 1-5, so that we can follow Tertullian’s arguments ..." continued - http://markusvinzent.blogspot.com.au/20 ... ospel.html
"Vinzent’s book doesn’t simply assert priority of Marcions’ Gospel over the canonical text of Luke, but asserts that Marcion’s Gospel preceded all the canonical Gospels." Larry Hurtado blog-post comment
"Vinzent’s views are unique in the renewed debates concerning Marcion’s Gospel in that he believes that Marcion wrote the first Gospel ever written and that all four of our canonical Gospels used Marcion’s Gospel as a source. In his own words, “Marcion, who created the new literary genre of the ‘Gospel’ and also gave the work this title, had no historical precedent in the combination of Christ’s sayings and narratives” (p. 277).
"Vinzent essentially attempts to construct his case on two foundations: first, and foremost, on the basis of his reading of several important sources for and works on Marcion’s Gospel; and second, on the basis of what Vinzent presumes to be the content and readings of Marcion’s Gospel."
- Dieter Roth https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2015 ... n-marcion/
Matthias Klinghardt (2015) Das älteste Evangelium und die Entstehung der kanonischen Evangelien (German) Francke a Verlag, publisher
- title translation: The oldest gospel, & the emergence of the canonical Gospels
Volume I: Investigation | Volume II: Reconstruction, Translation, Variants
- (via Google Translate) "Volume I: The oldest gospel is The Gospel, which was in the 2nd century by Marcion and [which] others received. The exact reconstruction of this text, as well as proof that all canonical gospels are dependent on him, allow significant insights for important fields of New Testament scholarship: The origin, tradition, and history of the Gospels, the New Testament textual history, the emergence of the canon of the New Testament, and the history of Christianity in the 2nd century. Volume 1 contains the investigation that determines the relationship between Luke and the oldest gospel, and a model for the development of the Gospels up to the canonical four gospels book designs.
Volume II: The reconstruction of the oldest Gospel is the basis of the examination of the canonical Gospels tradition of/for the oldest version to the canonical four gospels book. Volume 2 contains the meticulous reconstruction of the Gospel with the establishment of the text, the distortion of the witnesses, and the interpretations. In the explanation of each reconstruction decision shall be fully explained and the single logia and pericopes Überlieferungsweg traced. This is complemented by a reconstruction translation and a list of variants of the canonical Gospel of Luke, which touch with the text of the oldest gospel."
Judith M. Lieu (2015) Marcion and the Making of a Heretic: God and Scripture in the Second Century
- Cambridge University Press.
- "The first comprehensive monograph on the 'heretic' Marcion in nearly a century, this volume offers insight into second-century Christian intellectual debate and traces heresiological development. Judith M. Lieu analyses accounts of Marcion by the major early Christian polemicists who shaped the idea of heresy, including Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Epiphanius of Salamis, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Ephraem Syrus. She examines Marcion's Gospel, Apostolikon, and Antitheses in detail and compares his principles to those of contemporary Christian and non-Christian thinkers, covering a wide range of controversial issues: the nature of God, the relation of the divine to creation, the person of Jesus, the interpretation of Scripture, the nature of salvation, and the appropriate lifestyle of adherents. In this innovative study, Marcion emerges as a distinctive, creative figure who addressed widespread concerns within second-century Christian diversity." - from Amazon
"Lieu is cool because she addresses the Syriac sources" http://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopi ... 053#p21053
Dieter Roth (2015) The Text of Marcion’s Gospel. (Leiden: Brill, 2015).
- "In 'The Text of Marcion’s Gospel' Dieter T. Roth offers a new, critical reconstruction of Marcion’s Gospel including various levels of certainty for readings in this Gospel text. An extensive history of research, overview of both attested and unattested verses in the various sources, and methodological considerations related, in particular, to understanding the citation customs of the sources set the stage for a comprehensive analysis of all relevant data concerning Marcion’s Gospel. On the basis of this new reconstruction significant issues in the study of early Christianity, including the relationship between Marcion’s Gospel and Luke and the place of Marcion in the history of the canon and the formation of the fourfold Gospel, can be considered anew."
"Roth also improves on Harnack’s classic work by giving a fresh and independent analysis of the data, and also by providing detailed comments and explanation for his judgements about the text of Marcion’s gospel ... Roth’s newly released study is now the “go-to” work on Marcion’s text of Luke", says Roth's former PhD supervisor Larry Hurtado
updated 5 Aug 2015 -
- Having read aspects of Roth's 2009 PhD dissertation on Marcion, I'd have to agree with Hurtado: perhaps all works on reconstructing Marcion from Tertullian's extant works ought to be compared to Roth in the near future; but the reliability of Tertullian's extant works ought to be considered eg.
- (i) are they true reflections of Tertullian? (to what extent have they been redacted?) and,
(ii) are they true reflections of Marcion?
- (i) are they true reflections of Tertullian? (to what extent have they been redacted?) and,