The Latin Translations of Josephus on Jesus, etc.

[Peter Kirby]

Following up on this earlier thread:

viewtopic.php?f=3&t=971

Here is my article, which I will be updating a bit more:

http://earlychristianwritings.com/testimonium.html

More links.

http://www.earlywritings.com/forum/view ... ?f=3&t=971
http://www.earlywritings.com/forum/view ... 2&start=10
http://www.earlywritings.com/forum/view ... ?f=3&t=291
http://www.earlywritings.com/forum/view ... ?f=3&t=257
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/sho ... 731-2.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/showthreadad8d.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/showthread05b2.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/showthread13d8.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/sho ... 730-3.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/showthreade4c5.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/sho ... 648-2.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/showthreadfecc.html
http://bcharchive.org/2/thearchives/sho ... c5b-3.html
https://archive.org/stream/jstor-279005 ... 5/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/opencourt_ju ... 4/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/witnessestoh ... 0/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/jstor-279002 ... 7/mode/2up
https://archive.org/details/jstor-3149190
https://books.google.com/books?id=LGc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA186

The Bermejo-Rubio article is here:

https://www.academia.edu/8139663/_Was_t ... 14_326-365

The Hopper article is here:

https://www.academia.edu/9494231/A_Narr ... n_Josephus

Also here is the original Olson article from the JM group in the year 2000.

Eusebian Fabrication of the Testimonium.pdf

(45.73 KiB) Downloaded 913 times

Here is the article titled "A Eusebian Reading of the Testimonium Flavianum" by Olson (2013).

https://www.academia.edu/4062154/Olson_ ... ianum_2013

Here is the 1928 Solomon Zeitlin article, "The Christ Passage in Josephus."

ZEITLIN-1928-The Christ Passage in Josephus.pdf

(1.98 MiB) Downloaded 934 times

Here is an article from Marian Hillar.

http://www.socinian.org/files/TestimoniumFlavianum.pdf

Here is an English translation of a Swedish article published by Roger Viklund (2011).

https://rogerviklund.wordpress.com/2011 ... biography/

Here is Schlomo Pines, "An Arabic Version."

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/pines01.pdf

Here is an article from Alice Whealey, "The Testimonium Flavianum in Syriac and Arabic."

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/whealey2.pdf

Here is the dissertation from Alice Whealey (1998).

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/whealey1.pdf

Here is the book of Tessa Rajak (1983).

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/flavius/rajak02.pdf

Here is Carrier's article.

Carrier-on-Josephus.pdf

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Here is Montefiore, "Josephus and the New Testament."

http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/flavius/jos_nt.pdf

Here is Steve Mason, Josephus and the New Testament.

http://bookzz.org/book/910883/925e4a

Here is Louis Feldman, Josephus and Modern Scholarship, 1937-1980.

http://bookzz.org/book/1064367/cc004a

Here is Louis Feldman, Josephus, Judaism, and Christianity.

http://bookzz.org/book/905698/2a6f5b

Here is Louis Feldman, Josephus, the Bible, and History.

http://bookzz.org/book/1079789/233e13

Here is Studies in Josephus and the Varieties of Ancient Judaism: Louis H. Feldman Jubilee Volume.

http://bookzz.org/book/949533/10b51a

Goldberg's article on Luke and Josephus.

http://www.josephus.org/GoldbergJosephusLuke1995.pdf

Rivka Nir's article on the John the Baptist passage.

https://www.academia.edu/9556504/Joseph ... _Christian

Clare Rothschild's article on the John the Baptist passage:

http://books.google.com/books?id=2_jPGFpKY5EC&pg=PA255

Meier's article on the John the Baptist passage.

meier-on-john.pdf

(1.57 MiB) Downloaded 889 times

Ben C. Smith's excellent site.

http://www.textexcavation.com/testimonium.html

Here is Pseudo-Hegesippus online in English and in the original Latin.

http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefat ... Hegesippus
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=m ... =1up;seq=1

And I want to get the most that I can out of my 30 pieces of silver, so the Brill article by Levenson and Martin is attached here.

"The Latin Translations of Josephus on Jesus,
John the Baptist, and James: Critical Texts
of the Latin Translation of the Antiquities
and Rufinus’ Translation of Eusebius’
Ecclesiastical History Based on Manuscripts
and Early Printed Editions"

This article presents the first critical texts of the passages on Jesus, John the Baptist, and
James in the Latin translation of Josephus’ Antiquitates Iudaicae and the sections of the
Latin Table of Contents for AJ 18 where the references to Jesus and John the Baptist
appear. A commentary on these Latin texts is also provided. Since no critical edition of
the Latin text of Antiquities 6-20 exists, these are also the first critical texts of any pas-
sages from these books. The critical apparatus includes a complete list of variant read-
ings from thirty-seven manuscripts (9th-15th c.e.) and all the printed editions from the
1470 editio princeps to the 1524 Basel edition. Because the passages in the Latin AJ on
Jesus and John the Baptist were based on Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius’ Historia
Ecclesiastica, a new text of these passages in Rufinus is provided that reports more vari-
ant readings than are included in Mommsen’s GCS edition. A Greek text for these pas-
sages with revised apparatus correcting and expanding the apparatuses in Niese’s editio
maior of Josephus and Schwartz’s GCS edition of Eusebius is also provided. In addition
to presenting a text and commentary for the passages in the Latin Antiquities and
Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius, there is catalogue of collated manuscripts and all the
early printed editions through 1524, providing a new scholarly resource for further work
on the Latin text of the Antiquities.

Latin_Translations_of_Josephus.pdf

(358.23 KiB) Downloaded 1634 times

[Peter Kirby]

From Levenson and Martin's article (a collage of images):



This sort of very kind mention (especially since I am strictly an online amateur) is always nice to see.

Congratulations also to Roger Viklund and our own Ben C. Smith.

[Peter Kirby]

Apparently several manuscripts (of Rufinus' Eusebius) have also been collated by these gentlemen and placed online (from their footnotes):

C = Cologne, Dombibliothek, Codex 1030. 15th c.e. 11r-11v (Jesus); 11r (John)
http://www.ceec.uni-koeln.de/ceec-cgi/k ... %22body%22

Clm6381 = Munich, Clm 6381. 820-840 c.e. Freising. Benediktbeuern. 27r (Jesus); 26r-27r (John)
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db ... 06/images/

Clm6381 = Munich, Clm 6381. 820-840 c.e. Freising. Benediktbeuern. 27r (Jesus); 26r-27r (John) [Ciccolini 9th CE, Schwartz-Mommsen 10th CE]
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db ... 06/images/

Clm6383 = Munich, Clm 6383. End of 8th c.e. Freising. Bodenseegebiet (?). 15r-15v (Jesus); 15r (John)
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db ... 08/images/

Clm14040 = Munich, Clm 14040. 1170-1180 c.e. Regensburg, St. Emmeram. 14v (Jesus); 14r-14v (John)
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db ... 57/images/

G = Geneva, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. Lat. 18. 15th or 16th c.e.43 Unknown origin. 50r (John and Jesus)
http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/bge/la ... 0r/x-large

Sang = St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 547. c. 1200 c.e. Prob. St. Gallen. 102r (Jesus and John)
http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0547/102

T = Troyes, Bibliothèque du Grand Troyes, Ms 594. 12th c.e. 13v (Jesus and John)
http://patrimoine.agglo-troyes.fr/simcl ... MS_0594_00

Unfortunately the last link is broken already, and if you follow the trail you are led to this:

Due to a technical problem Heritage Site is unavailable for an indeterminate period.

But the documents were consulted who can be provided free upon justified request.
For all other documents Pay reproductions can be made after invoice.
Thank you for your understanding.

- See more at: http://www.mediatheque.grand-troyes.fr/ ... ib5oX.dpuf

[Ben C. Smith]

Your links catalogs are pretty awesome, Peter.

Thank you very much for sharing the scholarly mention of our strictly amateur sites.

Ben.

[Peter Kirby]

Latin manuscripts of Josephus' antiquities (copied from the footnotes):

Ba. Bambergensis. Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek Bamberg, Msc. Class. 78. E. III.15. 9th c.e. (middle).505 “Wohl Oberitalien.”506 Blatt no. 113 (Family φ); Levenson-Martin Groups D (AJ 11) and H (AJ 13). AJ. 221v (Jesus); 223v-224r (John); 251r (James).
http://bsbsbb.bsb.lrz-muenchen.de/~db/0 ... index.html

L. Laurentianus. Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 66.2. 11th c.e.507 Italian origin. Blatt no. 3 (Family α); Levenson-Martin Group C. AJ, CAp, BJ 1 (only to 1.276). 230r-230v (Jesus); 232r-232v (John); 257v-258r (James). Blatt and Boysen privilege L for AJ and CAp. Part of Group 2 above.
http://teca.bmlonline.it/TecaViewer/ind ... Plut.66.02

Lau. Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 66.6. 11th c.e. (end).510 Blatt no. 149 (family χ). Liebl, 196-198. AJ 18-20, BJ (second volume of Plut. 66.5). 3v (Jesus); 5r-5v (John); 26v (James). See entry on Plut. 66.5.
http://teca.bmlonline.it/TecaViewer/ind ... plut.66.06

f. floriacensis. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5763. 11th (end) - 12th (beg).511 Fleury Abbey in Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. Blatt no. 44 (family λ); Levenson-Martin Group E. Liebl, 240. Caesar, De bello Gallico; AJ 17-20 (designated 13-16). 124v-125r (Jesus); 127v-128r (John); 177r (James). This manuscript is a composite of two different manuscripts that have been sewn together. The first part, containing Caesar’s Gallic War, is from the ninth century. Blatt, 44 mistakenly dates the entire manuscript to the ninth century. Closely related to S, which it possibly used directly. Part of Group 1 above.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8 ... /f360.item

El. Elnonensis. Valenciennes, Bibliothèque Municipale, ms. 546. 11th/12th c.e.512 Monasterium St. Amandi Elnonense, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (Elnon, France; NW of Calais on the Belgian border). Blatt no. 115 (family φ); Levenson-Martin Group H. AJ, BJ. 113v (Jesus); 114v (John); 128r (James). Closely related to Ha.
http://bookline-03.valenciennes.fr/bib/ ... Ms0546.tif

Pl. Pollingensis. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 11302. 11th/12th c.e.513 Blatt no. 81 (family π); Levenson-Martin Group E. AJ 1-12, BJ (designated 13-19), AJ 18 (up to 18.369).514 257r (Jesus); 258v (John). Closely related to Prs for AJ 18. Part of Group 1 above.
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db ... 33/images/

Ne. Neapolitanus. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5045. 12th c.e. (early).515 Italian origin. Blatt no. 29 (Family ζ); Levenson-Martin Group C. Vol. 1: AJ 1-12; vol 2: AJ 13-20, BJ 1 (partial), BJ 4-7 (partial). 73r (Jesus); 75r (John); 101r-101v (James). Part of Group 2 above.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000584z

Ha. Hasnoniensis. Valenciennes, France. Valenciennes, Bibliothèque Municipale, ms. 547. 12th c.e. Belonged to Hasnon Abbey (about 7 km from Saint-Amand-les-Eaux; see catalogue entry on El).522 Blatt no. 116 (family φ); Levenson-Martin Group H. Liebl, 258. AJ, BJ. 137v (Jesus); 139r (John); 156v-157r (James). Closely related to El.
http://bookline-03.valenciennes.fr/bib/ ... Ms0547.tif

Prs. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 8959. c. 1160 c.e.526 Troyes. Blatt no. 99 (family σ); Levenson-Martin Groups E (AJ 18) and D (AJ 20). Liebl, 241-244. AJ, BJ. 230r (Jesus); 231r (John); 250r (James). The manuscript was created in three stages by three different scribes: (1) AJ 1-12, BJ, AJ 18; (2) AJ 19-20; (3) AJ 13-17.527 Part of Group 1 above for AJ 18, where it is closely related to Pl. Not with Group 1 for AJ 20, where it is closely related to p.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8 ... 959.langEN

D. Darmstadinus. Cologne, Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek, Cod. 163. Cologne (?). 12th c.e. (3rd quarter).529 Blatt no. 107 (family σ); Levenson-Martin Group G. AJ 14-20 and BJ. 66r (Jesus); 68r-68v (John); 98v (James). Part of Group 3 above.
http://www.ceec.uni-koeln.de/ . The first volume, Cod. 162, containing AJ 1-4 and 8-13, is also at this site.

Arn. Cologne, Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Best 7010 (Wallraf 276). 12th c.e. (end).530 Arnsberg, Kloster Wedinghausen. Not listed in Blatt; Levenson-Martin Group G. Liebl, 202-204. AJ, BJ. 154v (Jesus); 155v-156r (John); 173r (James). A direct copy of Werd.531 Part of Group 3 above.
http://historischesarchivkoeln.de/de/le ... t=josephus

Pd. Podlazicensis. Stockholm, Kungliga Biblioteket, Ms. A 148 (“Codex Gigas”). Podlažice Monastery, Czech Republic. 1204-1230 c.e.534 Blatt no. 93 (family ρ); Levenson-Martin Group L. Liebl, 253-254. AJ, BJ, and a number of other texts, including the Bible. 171v (Jesus); 172r (John); 178r (James). This famous manuscript, nicknamed “the Devil’s Bible” from one of its illustrations, frequently changes words and expressions into a more simplified Latin, abridges a great deal, and sometimes adds new material (see the apparatuses for many examples). Related to Sa.
http://www.kb.se/codex-gigas/eng/Browse ... 33#content

pa. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5050. 13th/14th c.e.537 Blatt no. 30 (family ζ); Levenson-Martin Group C. AJ, BJ 1 (partial), BJ 4-7 (partial). 340r (Jesus); 343v (John); 384v (James). Closely related to and quite possibly a copy of Ne. Part of Group 2 above.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9 ... 050.langEN

par. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5051.538 1400-1450 c.e. North Italy. Blatt no. 22 (family γ); Levenson-Martin Group C. AJ. 204v (Jesus); 206r-206v (John); 228v (James). Part of Group 2 above.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8 ... hus.langEN

l. Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 66.3. 15th c.e.540 Blatt no. 18 (family γ); Levenson-Martin Group C. AJ, CAp. 267v (Jesus); 270v (John); 301v-302r (James). Part of Group 2 above.
http://teca.bmlonline.it/TecaViewer/ind ... plut.66.03

1470 editio princeps (aug). Augsburg: Johann Schüssler. Vol. 1: AJ (28 June 1470); vol. 2: BJ (23 August 1470).545 British Library’s Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (hereafter ISTC)546 no. ij00481000. Based on a manuscript identical with or very close to Clm 15841 (Sa), with which it shares dozens of distinctive readings and a number of unique erroneous readings.
http://aleph.nli.org.il/nnl/dig/books/bk001184407.html

c. 1475 Lübeck (lüb). ISTC no. ij00483000.548 No date or place of publication is given in the edition, but the well-documented career of the publisher Lucas Brandis makes it possible to identify him as the publisher. It is generally assumed that the book was published in 1475 or 1476 in Lübeck, but a date as early as 1473-1474 has also been suggested.
http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?set%5Bmets%5 ... 9_mets.xml

1481 Venice (1481ven). ISTC no. ij00485000. Edited by Hieronymus Squarzaficus (Gerolamo Squarzafico) and printed by Reynaldus de Novimagio.
http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?set[mets]=ht ... 9_mets.xml

1486 Venice (1486ven). ISTC no. ij00486000. Printed by Johannes Rubens Vercellensis, Oct. 23, 1486.
http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=inkuna ... -4-hist-2f

1499 Venice (1499ven). ISTC no. ij00487000. Printed by Albertinus Vercellensis for Octavianus Scotus and his brother, 23 Oct. 1499.
http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?set[mets]=ht ... 6_mets.xml

1502 Venice (1502ven). Printed by Bernardinus Vercellensis, 21 Oct. 1502.5
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/re ... 95572.html

1510 Venice (1510ven). Printed by Gregorius de Gregoriis, 29 Oct. 1510.
https://download.digitale-sammlungen.de ... sb11054328

1513/1514 Milan (mil). Printed by Alexander Minutianus.
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/re ... 39716.html

1513/1514 Paris (1514par). Edited by Robert Goullet and printed by Jean Barbier, François Regnault, and Jean Petit.
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/re ... 95574.html

1519 Paris (1519par). A reprint of the 1513/1514 Paris edition by the same editor and printers.
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/re ... 39718.html

1524 Cologne (1524col). Edited by Jacob Sobius and published by Eucharius Cervicornus (Hirtzhorn) with the support of Gottfried Hittorp, Feb. 1, 1524.
http://www.bsb-muenchen-digital.de/~web ... nav=0&l=de

1524 Basel (1524bas). Printed by Johann Froben, September, 1524. AJ, BJ, CAp, 4Macc.
http://books.google.com.mx/books/about/ ... Q9AAAAcAAJ

[Roger Pearse]

This is very valuable - thank you. How did you find all these links?

[Peter Kirby]

This is very valuable - thank you. How did you find all these links?

I plagiarized:

"The Latin Translations of Josephus on Jesus, John the Baptist, and James: Critical Texts of the Latin Translation of the Antiquities and Rufinus’ Translation of Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History Based on Manuscripts and Early Printed Editions" by David B. Levenson and Thomas R. Martin
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com ... 1-00000394

I think the list could be used if the phrasing identifying the manuscripts were cleaned up or abbreviated (the wording belongs to them, the facts do not) and if the authors are mentioned (I did mention them above).

Unfortunately I am not aware of a good general method of finding manuscripts online. Seems like there should be a grand index somewhere or something, but I can't say that I know of any good method. I'd suppose one would just have to do a lot of hard digging, with a list of the actual manuscripts already before them, as Levenson and Martin undoubtedly did.

If you meant the other links, then that's just my own digging, practice, and awareness of a few repositories. My own rule is never to make bookmarks because I find that it saves the time first making and later looking for a bookmark if I can instead just find what I'm looking for again from first principles, using the web, and I think that this rule has also helped me learn to find things quickly if they can be found online.

[Roger Pearse]

Mmm thank you. I agree about the difficulty of locating mss; I think finding aids will come. Most of the online repositories for mss are visibly works-in-progress and desperately immature.

[MrMacSon]

What was the version of "Christ" in the earliest extant copies of Josephus's Antiquities 20.9.1? and Antiq 18.3.3?

[Peter Kirby]

What was the version of "Christ" in the earliest extant copies of Josephus's Antiquities 20.9.1? and Antiq 18.3.3?

Neither Smith nor the Neise edition nor Levenson-Martin give any hint that any of the three manuscripts that contain these books of Antiquities (A M W) or the editio princeps (Ed. Pr.) contain any variation. Here is a photo of the "A" manuscript, one of the three manuscripts with book 18.

http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/manus ... vianum.png



The "A" manuscript, one of the three manuscripts, uses the nomen sacrum first and then spells out the word Xristianwn.

There is also no note of this kind of variation in the manuscripts we have for Eusebius regarding either book 18 or 20 in the rather exhaustive article presented by Levenson and Martin, although there are numerous other variants in their article.

If it means anything, however, several manuscripts of Eusebius (seven) read Χριστοῦ λεγομένου in book 20, which is not the text of A M W and Ed. Pr. (the manuscripts and first printed edition of Josephus), which have the order of these words reversed when compared to this.

Also, manuscript W omits the word ἑτέρους at the end of the famous turn of phrase (leaving only Ἰάκωβος ὄνομα αὐτῷ καί τινας).

The Latin translation under Cassiodorus of book 18 of the Antiquities reads:

Christus] christus ven 1511par mil paris 1524; cristus l; xpus aug; xc Cor; xpc or xps all other mss lüb

and

Christianorum] christianorum ven 1511par mil paris 1524; christiani al; xpristianorum na1475; xpianorum all other mss aug lüb

The Latin translation under Cassiodorus of book 20 of the Antiquities, which they discern to be directly from the Greek text (not indirectly from Rufinus' translation of Eusebius, as the Latin version of the Testimonium is in all the Latin manuscripts of the Antiquties), gets these notes:

christus] christus 1499ven 1502ven 1510ven mil 1524; cristus pat; crystus l; xpus aug; xpc or xps all other mss na1475 lüb 1481ven 1486ven 1511par paris

Which is to say, that all the Latin manuscripts of book 20 here read with the letter "i" (or the "y" but not the "e") or supply a nomen sacrum.