Named sources in the Hebrew scriptures.

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Ben C. Smith
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Named sources in the Hebrew scriptures.

Post by Ben C. Smith »

Subject: Discrepancies owing to the use of sources in Samuel, Kings, & Chronicles.
Ulan wrote: Wed Dec 13, 2017 8:53 am Even if Chronicles is a comparatively young text, it seems to use rather old sources in some places. Just think of how the whole "Egyptian exile" story is excised (or rather absent) from the patriarchal genealogies in the beginning. In other parts, Egypt is mentioned.
It seems the same to me.

I have been wanting to lay the following passages out for a while. These "lost books of the Bible" may sometimes be fictional; but some of them may also have served as sources for our extant books.

The Book of the Wars of Yahweh

Numbers 21.14-15: 14 Therefore it is said in the Book of the Wars of Yahweh, "Waheb in Suphah, and the wadis of the Arnon, 15 and the slope of the wadis that extends to the site of Ar, and leans to the border of Moab."

The Book of the Law of Moses

Deuteronomy 28.58-61: 58 "If you are not careful to observe all the words of this law which are written in this book, to fear this honored and awesome name, Yahweh your God, 59 then Yahweh will bring extraordinary plagues on you and your descendants, even severe and lasting plagues, and miserable and chronic sicknesses. 60 He will bring back on you all the diseases of Egypt of which you were afraid, and they will cling to you. 61 Also every sickness and every plague which, not written in the book of this law, Yahweh will bring on you until you are destroyed."

Deuteronomy 29.21: 21 "Then Yahweh will single him out for adversity from all the tribes of Israel, according to all the curses of the covenant which are written in this book of the law."

Deuteronomy 30.9-10: 9 "Then Yahweh your God will prosper you abundantly in all the work of your hand, in the offspring of your body and in the offspring of your cattle and in the produce of your ground, for Yahweh will again rejoice over you for good, just as He rejoiced over your fathers, 10 if you obey Yahweh your God to keep His commandments and His statutes which are written in this book of the law, if you turn to Yahweh your God with all your heart and soul."

Deuteronomy 31.24: 24 And it came about, when Moses finished writing the words of this law in a book until they were complete, 25 that Moses commanded the Levites who carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, saying, 26 "Take this book of the law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of Yahweh your God, that it may remain there as a witness against you."

Joshua 1.8: 8 "This book of the law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it; for then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have success."

Joshua 8.30-31: 30 Then Joshua built an altar to Yahweh, the God of Israel, in Mount Ebal, 31 just as Moses the servant of Yahweh had commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of uncut stones, on which no man had wielded an iron tool; and they offered burnt offerings on it to Yahweh, and sacrificed peace offerings.

Joshua 8.34: 34 Then afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law.

Joshua 23.6: 6 "Be very firm, then, to keep and do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, so that you may not turn aside from it to the right hand or to the left."

Joshua 24.26: 26 And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a large stone and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of Yahweh.

2 Kings 14.6: 6 But the sons of the slayers he did not put to death, according to what is written in the book of the law of Moses, as Yahweh commanded, saying, "The fathers shall not be put to death for the sons, nor the sons be put to death for the fathers; but each shall be put to death for his own sin."

2 Kings 22.8: 8 Then Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, "I have found the book of the law in the house of Yahweh." And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan who read it."

2 Kings 22.11: 11 And it came about when the king heard the words of the book of the law, that he tore his clothes.

2 Kings 23.24: 24 Moreover, Josiah removed the mediums and the spiritists and the teraphim and the idols and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might confirm the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of Yahweh.

2 Chronicles 17.9: 9 And they taught in Judah, having the book of the law of Yahweh with them; and they went throughout all the cities of Judah and taught among the people.

2 Chronicles 25.4: 4 However, he did not put their children to death, but did as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, which Yahweh commanded, saying, "Fathers shall not be put to death for sons, nor sons be put to death for fathers, but each shall be put to death for his own sin."

2 Chronicles 34.14-15: 14 When they were bringing out the money which had been brought into the house of Yahweh, Hilkiah the priest found the book of the law of Yahweh given by Moses. 15 And Hilkiah responded and said to Shaphan the scribe, "I have found the book of the law in the house of Yahweh." And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan.

Nehemiah 8.1-3: 1 And all the people gathered as one man at the square which was in front of the Water Gate, and they asked Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses which Yahweh had given to Israel. 2 Then Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly of men, women, and all who could listen with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month. 3 And he read from it before the square which was in front of the Water Gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of men and women, those who could understand; and all the people were attentive to the book of the law.

Nehemiah 8.8: 8 And they read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading.

Nehemiah 8.18: 18 And he read from the book of the law of God daily, from the first day to the last day. And they celebrated the feast seven days, and on the eighth day there was a solemn assembly according to the ordinance.

Nehemiah 9.3: 3 While they stood in their place, they read from the book of the law of Yahweh their God for a fourth of the day; and for another fourth they confessed and worshiped Yahweh their God.

The Book of Jashar

Joshua 10.13: 13 So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies. Is it not written in the Book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

2 Samuel 1.17-27: 17 Then David chanted with this lament over Saul and Jonathan his son, 18 and he told them to teach the sons of Judah the song of the bow; behold, it is written in the Book of Jashar. 19 "Your beauty, O Israel, is slain on your high places! How have the mighty fallen! 20 Tell it not in Gath; proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice; the daughters of the uncircumcised will exult. 21 O mountains of Gilboa, let not dew or rain be on you, nor fields of offerings; for there the shield of the mighty was defiled, the shield of Saul, not anointed with oil. 22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty. 23 Saul and Jonathan, beloved and pleasant in their life, and in their death they were not parted; they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 24 O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you luxuriously in scarlet, who put ornaments of gold on your apparel. 25 How have the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan is slain on your high places. 26 I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan; you have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was more wonderful than the love of women. 27 How have the mighty fallen and the weapons of war perished!"

The Books of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and of Judah

1 Kings 14.19: 19 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he made war and how he reigned, behold, they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

1 Kings 14.29: 29 Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

1 Kings 15.7: 7 Now the rest of the acts of Abijam and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? And there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam.

1 Kings 15.23: 23 Now the rest of all the acts of Asa and all his might and all that he did and the cities which he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet.

1 Kings 15.31: 31 Now the rest of the acts of Nadab and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 16.5: 5 Now the rest of the acts of Baasha and what he did and his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 16.14: 14 Now the rest of the acts of Elah and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 16.20: 20 Now the rest of the acts of Zimri and his conspiracy which he carried out, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 16.27: 27 Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did and his might which he showed, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 22.39: 39 Now the rest of the acts of Ahab and all that he did and the ivory house which he built and all the cities which he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

1 Kings 22.45: 45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might which he showed and how he warred, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 1.18: 18 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 8.23: 23 And the rest of the acts of Joram and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 10.34: 34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehu and all that he did and all his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 12.19: 19 Now the rest of the acts of Joash and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 13.8: 8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did and his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 13.12: 12 Now the rest of the acts of Joash and all that he did and his might with which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 14.15: 15 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoash which he did, and his might and how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 14.18: 18 Now the rest of the acts of Amaziah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 14.28: 28 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam and all that he did and his might, how he fought and how he recovered for Israel, Damascus and Hamath, which had belonged to Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 15.6: 6 Now the rest of the acts of Azariah and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 15.11: 11 Now the rest of the acts of Zechariah, behold they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

2 Kings 15.15: 15 Now the rest of the acts of Shallum and his conspiracy which he made, behold they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

2 Kings 15.21: 21 Now the rest of the acts of Menahem and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Kings 15.26: 26 Now the rest of the acts of Pekahiah and all that he did, behold they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

2 Kings 15.31: 31 Now the rest of the acts of Pekah and all that he did, behold, they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

2 Kings 15.36: 36 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 16.19: 19 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaz which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 20.20: 20 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah and all his might, and how he made the pool and the conduit, and brought water into the city, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 21.17: 17 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh and all that he did and his sin which he committed, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 21.25: 25 Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 23.28: 28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 Kings 24.5: 5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

The Book of the Kings of Israel

2 Chronicles 20.34: 34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first to last, behold, they are written in the Annals of Jehu the Son of Hanani, which is recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel. [Compare 1 Kings 16.1-7.]

The Treatise of the Book of the Kings

2 Chronicles 24.27: 27 As to his sons and the many oracles against him and the rebuilding of the house of God, behold, they are written in the Treatise of the Book of the Kings. Then Amaziah his son became king in his place.

The Records of the Kings of Israel

2 Chronicles 33.18-19: 18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh even his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of Yahweh God of Israel, behold, they are among the Records of the Kings of Israel.

The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel

2 Chronicles 16.11: 11 And now, the acts of Asa from first to last, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel [= 1 & 2 Kings??].

2 Chronicles 27.7: 7 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, even all his wars and his acts, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.

2 Chronicles 32.32: 32 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah and his deeds of devotion, behold, they are written in the Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, the son of Amoz, in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel.

The Ordinances of the Kingdom

1 Samuel 10.25: 25 Then Samuel told the people the Ordinances of the Kingdom, and wrote them in the book and placed it before Yahweh. And Samuel sent all the people away, each one to his house.

The Book of the Acts of Solomon

1 Kings 11.41: 41 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon and whatever he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the Book of the Acts of Solomon?

The Chronicles of King David

1 Chronicles 27.24: 24 Joab the son of Zeruiah had begun to count them, but did not finish; and because of this, wrath came upon Israel, and the number was not included in the account of the Chronicles of King David.

The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer

1 Chronicles 29.29-30: 29 Now the acts of King David, from first to last, are written in the Chronicles of Samuel the Seer [= 1 & 2 Samuel??], in the Chronicles of Nathan the Prophet, and in the Chronicles of Gad the Seer, 30 with all his reign, his power, and the circumstances which came on him, on Israel, and on all the kingdoms of the lands.

The Chronicles/Records of Nathan the Prophet

1 Chronicles 29.29-30: 29 Now the acts of King David, from first to last, are written in the Chronicles of Samuel the Seer, in the Chronicles of Nathan the Prophet, and in the Chronicles of Gad the Seer, 30 with all his reign, his power, and the circumstances which came on him, on Israel, and on all the kingdoms of the lands.

2 Chronicles 9.29: 29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, from first to last, are they not written in the Records of Nathan the prophet, and in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of Iddo the Seer concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat?

The Chronicles of Gad the Seer

1 Chronicles 29.29-30: 29 Now the acts of King David, from first to last, are written in the Chronicles of Samuel the Seer, in the Chronicles of Nathan the Prophet, and in the Chronicles of Gad the Seer, 30 with all his reign, his power, and the circumstances which came on him, on Israel, and on all the kingdoms of the lands.

The Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite

2 Chronicles 9.29: 29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, from first to last, are they not written in the Records of Nathan the prophet, and in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of Iddo the Seer concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat?

The Visions/Records of Iddo the Seer or The Treatise of the Prophet Iddo

2 Chronicles 9.29: 29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, from first to last, are they not written in the Records of Nathan the prophet, and in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of Iddo the Seer concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat?

2 Chronicles 13.22: 22 Now the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways and his words, are written in the Treatise of the Prophet Iddo.

2 Chronicles 12.15: 15 Now the acts of Rehoboam, from first to last, are they not written in the Records of Shemaiah the Prophet and of Iddo the Seer, according to genealogical enrollment? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually.

The Records of Shemaiah the Prophet

2 Chronicles 12.15: 15 Now the acts of Rehoboam, from first to last, are they not written in the Records of Shemaiah the Prophet and of Iddo the Seer, according to genealogical enrollment? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually.

The Annals of Jehu the Son of Hanani

2 Chronicles 20.34: 34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first to last, behold, they are written in the Annals of Jehu the Son of Hanani, which is recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel. [Compare 1 Kings 16.1-7.]

The Vision of Isaiah the Prophet

2 Chronicles 26.22: 22 Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first to last, the Prophet Isaiah, the son of Amoz, has written.

2 Chronicles 32.32: 32 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah and his deeds of devotion, behold, they are written in the Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, the son of Amoz, in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel.

The Records of the Hozai

2 Chronicles 33.18-19: 18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh even his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of Yahweh God of Israel, behold, they are among the Records of the Kings of Israel. 19 His prayer also and how God was entreated by him, and all his sin, his unfaithfulness, and the sites on which he built high places and erected the Asherim and the carved images, before he humbled himself, behold, they are written in the Records of the Hozai.

The Lamentations

2 Chronicles 35.25: 25 Then Jeremiah chanted a lament for Josiah. And all the male and female singers speak about Josiah in their lamentations to this day. And they made them an ordinance in Israel; behold, they are also written in the Lamentations.

The Book of Records or The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia

Esther 2.23: 23 Now when the plot was investigated and found to be so, they were both hanged on a gallows; and it was written in the Book of the Chronicles in the king's presence.

Esther 6.1: 1 During that night the king could not sleep so he gave an order to bring the Book of Records, the Chronicles, and they were read before the king.

Esther 10.2: 2 And all the accomplishments of his authority and strength, and the full account of the greatness of Mordecai, to which the king advanced him, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia?

The Book of the Chronicles

Nehemiah 12.23: 23 The sons of Levi, the heads of fathers' households, were registered in the Book of the Chronicles up to the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib.

Have I missed any?

Ben.
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