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28 After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), “I thirst1.” 29 A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
31 Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. 32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with him. 33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs2.
34 But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear3, and at once there came out blood and water. 35 He who saw it has borne witness—his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth—that you also may believe. 36 For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: “Not one of his bones will be broken2.” 37 And again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced3.”
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28 After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), “I thirst1.” 29 A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
31 Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. 32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with him. 33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs2.
34 But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear3, and at once there came out blood and water. 35 He who saw it has borne witness—his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth—that you also may believe. 36 For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: “Not one of his bones will be broken2.” 37 And again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced3.”
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Thirst and not breaking his bones have been tied to Hebrew scriptures, but, as far as I know, the soldier piercing his side with a spear has not been; or at least not tied to 2 Sam 2:16.
1 Psalms 22, 42, 63, and 69
Psalm 22:15
My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death.
My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death.
Psalm 42:1-2:
As a deer longs for flowing streams, so my soul longs for you, O God.
My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When shall I come and behold the face of God?
As a deer longs for flowing streams, so my soul longs for you, O God.
My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When shall I come and behold the face of God?
Psalm 63:1:
O God, you are my God, I seek you, my soul thirsts for you; my flesh faints for you, as in a dry and weary land where there is no water.
O God, you are my God, I seek you, my soul thirsts for you; my flesh faints for you, as in a dry and weary land where there is no water.
Psalm 69:
Save me, O God...
I am weary with my crying; my throat is parched. My eyes grow dim with waiting for my God....
Do not hide your face from your servant, for I am in distress—make haste to answer me.
Draw near to me, redeem me, set me free because of my enemies....
They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink....
Pour out your indignation upon them, and let your burning anger overtake them....
Let them be blotted out of the book of the living; let them not be enrolled among the righteous.
Save me, O God...
I am weary with my crying; my throat is parched. My eyes grow dim with waiting for my God....
Do not hide your face from your servant, for I am in distress—make haste to answer me.
Draw near to me, redeem me, set me free because of my enemies....
They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink....
Pour out your indignation upon them, and let your burning anger overtake them....
Let them be blotted out of the book of the living; let them not be enrolled among the righteous.
2 Psalms 34:20, 35:10, Exodus 12:46
Psalm 34:20
He/God protects/keeps all his bones; not one of them will be broken.
He/God protects/keeps all his bones; not one of them will be broken.
Psalm 35:10
All my bones shall say, “O LORD, who is like you, delivering the poor from him who is too strong for him, the poor and needy from him who robs him?” (some versions use 'robber').
All my bones shall say, “O LORD, who is like you, delivering the poor from him who is too strong for him, the poor and needy from him who robs him?” (some versions use 'robber').
Exodus 12:46
It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.
It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.
3 2 Samuel 2:16, Zech 12:10
2 Samuel 2:16 -
12 Abner son of Ner [the commander of Saul’s army], together with the men of Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, left Mahanaim and went to Gibeon. 13 Joab son of Zeruiah and David’s men went out and met them at the pool of Gibeon. One group sat down on one side of the pool and one group on the other side.
14 Then Abner said to Joab, “Let’s have some of the young men get up and fight hand to hand in front of us.”
“All right, let them do it,” Joab said.
15 So they stood up and were counted off—twelve men for Benjamin and Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, and twelve for David. 16 Then each man grabbed his opponent by the head and thrust his dagger into his opponent’s side, and they fell down together. So that place in Gibeon was called Helkath Hazzurim [field of daggers or field of hostilities].
17 The battle that day was very fierce, and Abner and the Israelites were defeated by David’s men.
14 Then Abner said to Joab, “Let’s have some of the young men get up and fight hand to hand in front of us.”
“All right, let them do it,” Joab said.
15 So they stood up and were counted off—twelve men for Benjamin and Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, and twelve for David. 16 Then each man grabbed his opponent by the head and thrust his dagger into his opponent’s side, and they fell down together. So that place in Gibeon was called Helkath Hazzurim [field of daggers or field of hostilities].
17 The battle that day was very fierce, and Abner and the Israelites were defeated by David’s men.
- Ish-Bosheth son of Saul had previously been made 'king over Gilead, Ashuri and Jezreel, and also over Ephraim, Benjamin and all Israel ... he reigned two years' (2 Samuel 2:8-10).
- 'The tribe of Judah, however, remained loyal to David. 11 The length of time David was king in Hebron over Judah was seven years and six months' (2 Samuel 2:10-11).
Zech 12:10 -
7 “And the Lord will give salvation to the tents of Judah first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem may not surpass that of Judah. 8 On that day the Lord will protect the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the feeblest among them on that day shall be like David, and the house of David shall be like God, like the angel of the Lord, going before them. 9 And on that day I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem.
Him Whom They Have Pierced
10 “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn.
Him Whom They Have Pierced
10 “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn.
Could John 19:34 be related to the ascendancy of David (of the House of David, or both) over the House of Saul?
Could there be vague allegory to the House of Hillel [eventially] overshadowing the House of Shammai?