Trees of Life wrote: ↑Sun May 06, 2018 10:25 am
There is no interpolator to report due to there being no interpolation.
Josephus has earlier in Antiquities Book 18 Chapter 3:3 stated as fact that Jesus was the Messiah/Christ.
It then follows that in Antiquities Book 20 Chap. 9:1 the application of 'so called', or 'called' is not in reference to the established identity of Jesus who was well known as the Christ/Messiah, nor for the established identity of James who was well known as the administrator for the Christian sect in Jerusalem.
The so called/called text applies to brother and when correctly rendered Ant. Bk 20 Ch 9:1 is read: 'James, the so called brother of Jesus Christ/Messiah.'
Enhanced Billings:
Josephus has billed Jesus as the Messiah in Antiquities 18:3.3 and has billed James as the brother of the Lord in Antiquities Book 20 Chapter 9:1. Hebrew has primacy as Josephus composed in the 'language of our country' before it was translated into the Greek,[Preface, Jewish War].
Antiquities Book 18 Chapter 3:3
The passage is expressed definitively.
Josephus has billed Jesus as the Messiah. The meaning is blatant. 'He was the Christ'. In Hebrew — 'He was the Messiah'. Messiah has two meanings both "the Christ" and "the measured" and so Josephus has billed Jesus ["Redeemer"]as the anointed king, true ["Nazarene"] and just. [Gospel of Philip]
Josephus being trained in the priesthood and well versed in the Torah and the Nevi'im has stated that Jesus is the Messiah — as foretold by Moses and the divine prophets, of whom the Samaritan woman quotes in John 4.25: "the Messiah comes, called Christ, who tells us all things"; 'just and right is he, the rock of salvation', [Deuteronomy 32.]
The Messiah meaning is employed to render Lord Messiah, Lord Christ'. Exactly as meant of the Messiah to come, quoted by the prophet Isaiah: 'The Holy One of Israel', 'Your King'; 'Savior'; 'Immanuel' (God with us), 'conceived and born of a virgin'.
So named after their Messiah/Christ, were the Christians... 'to this day' — Josephus' expression 'to this day' is conveyed to the attentive scholar examining the Messianic texts: Deuteronomy 4:4, 4:20, 4:38 — inheritance; 8:18 — covenant; 10:15 — chosen; 18:15, 18:18 — Messiah.
Josephus conveys continuity to the reviewer with Ant. Book 18.3.4 — 'Also at that time', so to recognize that the previous 18.3.3 Messiah passage wasn't an interpolation. Continuity from Ant. Book 18.109 ff, where the reader is apprised by Josephus of John the Baptist, the harbinger of Jesus Christ who was the Messiah, stated so of Jesus again in Book 20, Chapter 9.1.
Antiquities Book 20 Chapter 9.1.
The passage is expressed denominatively and belongs to James. It is rendered to the reader: James, the brother of the Lord, "brother" being an honorific. The word 'called' is designated to Jesus "the Christ/Messiah/Lord". When contextualized 'called' belongs to James, so-called or named was James — James 'the brother of the Lord' or 'the Lord's brother' in prosoprographical terms. The word "brother", is an honorific.
Commentaries rendering the Antiquities Book 20.9.1 'called' text as questionable in relation to Jesus being the designated Christ/Messiah, are counterfactual in relation to Josephus' assigning the Messiah/Lord descriptor to Jesus in Antiquities Book 18.3.3: 'He was the Messiah.' Those of whom represent their disapproval by modifying 'was' and 'called' , expressing them as questionable with, 'perhaps the Christ/Messiah' and with 'so-called Christ/Messiah' — meddle with the original composition of Josephus and abandon the continuity of the Messiah/Christ passages.
The expressions 'was' and 'called' Messiah/Christ are in turn definitive and denominative — consistant with the literature of the time:
Matthew:1.16, 'and Jacob fathered Joseph the husband of Miriam, from whom was born Yeshua who is called the Messiah.
Matthew:27.17, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release to you—Barabbas, or Jesus who is called Christ?”
Matthew:27.22, 'Pilate said to them, “What then shall I do with Yeshua, who is called Messiah?”
John:4.25, 'The woman says to him, I know that Messiah is coming, who is called Christ; when *he* comes he will tell us all things.
Acts of Pilate, 'Pilate said,"then what shall I do with Jesus who is called Christ?"'
Hebrew into Greek into English = Jesus who is called Christ/Messiah, the Lord Messiah; Lord Christ.
Origen Against Celsus: 1.47, 'these things came to pass against them in accordance with the ire of God on account of the things which were dared by them against James the brother of Jesus who is called Christ.'
Origen Against Celsus: 2.13 '...James the just, the brother of Jesus who was called Christ,(Messiah)'
Origen Commentary on Matthew 10.17, ' But James is this one of whom Paul says that he saw in the epistle to the Galatians, saying: But I did not see any of the other apostles except James the brother of the Lord....James the brother of Jesus who is called Christ.
Origen hasn't interpolated,manipulated or meddled with the text of Antiquities 18.3.3 or Antiquities 20.Chapter 9.1, according to himself and the proponents of whom remain with 'called, was Christ/Messiah'.