Just for the sake of discussion, here is a scaled down comparison of the double tradition (Matthew & Luke), removing any that have a parallel in Mark, derived from Ben Smith's Text Excavation website:
Matthew. |
Luke. |
5.1. The sermon on the mount. |
6.17ab. The sermon on the plain. |
5.2-12. The beatitudes. |
6.20-23. The beatitudes. |
|
|
5.18. Not one jot, not one tittle. |
16.17. Not one tittle. |
5.25-26. Settle on the way. |
12.57-59. Settle on the way. |
5.31-32. Against divorce. |
16.18. Against divorce. |
5.38-48. On revenge and enemies. |
6.27-36. On revenge and enemies. |
6.9-13. The paternoster. |
11.1-4. The paternoster. |
6.19-21. Treasure in heaven. |
12.33-34. Treasure in heaven. |
6.22-23. The lamp of the body. |
11.33-36. The lamp of the body. |
6.24-34. Seek first the kingdom. |
12.22-32. Seek first the kingdom. |
6.24. God and mammon. |
16.13. God and mammon. |
7.1-6. On judgment. |
6.37-42. On judgment. |
7.7-12. Ask, seek, knock. |
11.9-13. Ask, seek, knock. |
7.12a. So also do. |
6.31. Do likewise. |
7.13-14. Broad and narrow. |
13.22-30. Broad and narrow. |
7.15-20. By their fruits. |
6.43-45. By their fruits. |
7.21-23. Do as I say. |
6.46. Do as I say. |
7.24-27. The parable of the wise and foolish builders. |
6.47-49. The parable of the wise and foolish builders. |
8.5-13. The healing at the request of a centurion. |
7.1-10. The healing at the request of a centurion. |
8.11. From east and west. |
13.28. From east and west. |
8.12. Weeping and gnashing |
13.29. Weeping and gnashing |
of teeth. |
of teeth. |
8.18-22. Following Jesus. |
9.57-62. Following Jesus. |
|
|
9.37. The laborers are few. |
10.2a. The laborers are few. |
9.38. Lord of the harvest. |
10.2b. Lord of the harvest. |
10.17-25. Delivered up. |
12.11-12. Delivered up. |
10.24-25a. Disciple and master. |
6.40. Disciple and master. |
10.26-31. Fear not. |
12.2-7. Fear not. |
10.32-33. Before my father. |
12.8-10. Before the angels. |
10.34-36. Not peace, but a sword. |
12.51-53. Not peace, but a sword. |
10.37-38. Take up your cross. |
14.25-27. Take up your cross. |
10.39. Finding and losing. |
17.33. Finding and losing. |
10.40-42. Receiving the sender. |
10.16. Receiving the sender. |
11.1-19. The inquiry of John the baptist. |
7.18-35. The inquiry of John the baptist. |
11.12. The violent bear it away. |
16.16c. The violent bear it away. |
11.13a. Prophets and law. |
16.16a. Prophets and law. |
11.13b. Until John. |
16.16b. Until John. |
11.20-24. Woe to the cities. |
10.13-15. Woe to the cities. |
11.25-27. Revealed to babes. |
10.21-22. Revealed to babes. |
12.33-35. By their fruits. |
6.43-45. By their fruits. |
12.38-42. The sign of Jonah. |
11.29-32. The sign of Jonah. |
12.43-45. The seven spirits. |
11.24-26. The seven spirits. |
13.16-17. Blessed are your eyes and ears. |
10.23-24. Blessed are your eyes. |
13.33. The parable of the |
13.20-21. The parable of the |
leaven. |
leaven. |
|
|
15.14. The blind leading the blind. |
6.39. The blind leading the blind. |
16.1-3. Discerning the times. |
12.54-56. Discerning the times. |
|
|
17.20b. The faith of a mustard seed. |
17.6. The faith of a mustard seed. |
18.11-14. The parable of the |
15.1-7. The parable of the |
lost sheep. |
lost sheep. |
18.15-20. Where two or three are gathered. |
17.3. Rebuking and forgiving. |
18.21-22. Forgiving seven times. |
17.4. Forgiving seven times. |
|
|
19.28. On twelve thrones. |
22.28-30. On twelve thrones. |
22.1-13. The parable of the |
14.15-24. The parable of the |
wedding feast. |
great supper. |
23.4. Heavy loads. |
11.46b. Heavy burdens. |
23.12. Exalted and humbled. |
14.11. Exalted and humbled. |
23.13-36. Woe to the |
11.37-54. Woe to the |
Pharisees and scribes. |
Pharisees and lawyers. |
23.13a. Woe to you, scribes |
11.43a, 46a. Woe to you, Pharisees |
and Pharisees. |
and lawyers. |
23.13b. Not entering. |
11.52b. Not entering. |
23.23b. Mint, dill, and cummin. |
11.42bb. Mint and dill. |
23.25b-26. Inside and outside. |
11.39-41. Inside and outside. |
23.27b-28. Whitewashed tombs. |
11.44b. Unseen tombs. |
23.29b-30. Tombs of the prophets. |
11.47b. Tombs of the prophets. |
23.31. Sons of murderers. |
11.48. Approving the deeds. |
23.34. I shall send you prophets. |
11.49. I shall send you prophets. |
23.35. From Abel to Zechariah. |
11.51. From Abel to Zechariah. |
23.36. Upon this generation. |
11.50. Against this generation. |
23.37-39. Lament over Jerusalem. |
13.34-35. Lament over Jerusalem. |
24.26-28. Like lightning. |
17.22-25. Like lightning. |
24.28. The corpse and the eagles. |
17.37. The corpse and the eagles. |
24.37-39. As in the days of Noah. |
17.26-30. As in the days of Noah and Lot. |
24.40-42. One taken, another left. |
17.34-37. One taken, another left. |
24.43-44. A thief in the night. |
12.39-40. A thief. |
24.45-51. The parable of the |
12.41-48. The parable of the |
faithful servant. |
faithful steward. |
25.14-30. The parable of the talents. |
19.11-27. The parable of the pounds. |
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|
Please excuse the extra rows which are due to the way Ben formatted his web page.
Some of these things are common to all societies of that time, and do not require a Judaic environment. Others are clearly meant to explain (away) Jesus' apocalyptic sayings as critiques of Judaism. I've never made an in-depth analysis of the double tradition, though. During an online seminar with Kloppenborg (I think it was at Synoptic-l) I suggested that Q was based on a generic wisdom collection, of which there were many in this period, and refashioned to serve as an apology for Christian beginnings that filed off Jesus' rough edges. K politely said he had not considered this before, but just as politely sort of moved it aside. It was not long after this that Excavating Q came out, so he may already have thrown his hat in with the "itinerant preacher" crowd. Several folks were critical of this suggestion, pointing out allusions to Judaic practices that "proved" that Q was Judaic in origin. In my humble opinion these allusions were present to explain away charges that outsiders may have made against Christians (now largely a gentile mystery religion, who did not want to be associated with rebellious Judeans and their internal factions).