the Geography of early Christianity

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MrMacSon
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Polycarp of Smyrna (c. 69 – c. 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in western Turkey; on the Aegean Sea). It is recorded that he had been a disciple of "John." The options for this John are John [the Apostle], the son of Zebedee (traditionally viewed as the author of the Gospel of John), or John the Presbyter1. Traditional advocates follow Eusebius in insisting that the apostolic connection of Polycarp was with "John the Evangelist", and that he was the author of the Gospel of John, and thus the Apostle John.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fat ... _of_Smyrna
  • 1 'John the Presbyter' appears in a text-fragment by Papias, a 2nd-century bishop of Hierapolis (now Denizli province, inland southwest Turkey)
When John-the-Apostle was aged, he trained Polycarp who later became Bishop of Smyrna. This was important because Polycarp was able to carry John's message to future generations. Polycarp taught Irenaeus, passing on to him stories about John. In Against Heresies, Irenaeus relates how Polycarp told a story of
  • John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, "Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within."[43]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_A ... traditions
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MrMacSon
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Peter Kirby wrote:What's interesting is that if you plot the physical evidence of Mithraism (they built structures) in the third century against the indications for Christianity, you will see that they had claimed different parts of the empire. Mithraism became prominent in the west, which is primarily Latin-speaking, while Christianity became dominant in the east, which is primarily Greek-speaking. The main overlap is Rome (where, however, the Jews and subsequently the Christians primarily spoke Greek) and northern Africa (and it is with the latter that we get the earliest extant Latin Christian author--i.e., Tertullian).
And it was in the East that another pagan/mystery religion was building structures in the 2nd and 3rd centuries1; more recorded structures than Christianity (which is not recorded as then building any structures in the East).

1 urlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapeum#Serapea_in_Turkey

(note a contradiction there - "built for the Egyptian gods in the 2nd-cent. CE" cf. "In the 1st-cent. CE, the Christian Church at Pergamon ...")

Moreover, Christianity took over some of those pagan/mystery structures (as outlined in that wikipedia link).
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MrMacSon
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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The other so-called Apostolic Fathers (so-called b/c within two generations of the Apostles), besides Polycarp of Smyrna, are from different geographies -
  • * Clement of Rome (d. 99CE); and
    * Ignatius of Antioch (via Rome) (c. 35 or 50 – 98 to 117 CE)
Few details are known about Clement's life. According to Tertullian, Clement was consecrated by Saint Peter, and he is known to have been a leading member of the church in Rome in the late 1st century.

Clement's only genuine extant writing is his letter to the church at Corinth (1 Clement) in response to a dispute in which certain presbyters of the Corinthian church had been deposed.[1] He asserted the authority of the presbyters as rulers of the church on the ground that the Apostles had appointed such.[1] A second epistle, 2 Clement, was attributed to Clement, although recent scholarship suggests it to be a homily by another author.[1]

1 "Clement of Rome, St." Cross, F. L. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_I
It is believed that St. Ignatius, along with his friend Polycarp, with great probability were disciples of the Apostle St. John.[7]. Epistles attributed to Ignatius report his arrest by the authorities and travel to Rome:
From Syria even to Rome I fight with wild beasts, by land and sea, by night and by day, being bound amidst ten leopards, even a company of soldiers, who only grow worse when they are kindly treated.

—Ignatius to the Romans, 5.
Along the route he wrote six letters to the churches in the region and one to a fellow bishop. He was sentenced to die at the Colosseum[8]. In his Chronicle, Eusebius gives the date of Ignatius's death as AA 2124 (2124 years after Adam), which would amount to the 11th year of Trajan's reign; i.e., AD 108.[9]

After Ignatius' martyrdom in the Colosseum his remains were carried back to Antioch by his companions and were interred outside the city gates. The reputed remains of Ignatius were moved by the Emperor Theodosius II to the Tychaeum, or Temple of Tyche, which had been converted into a church dedicated to Ignatius. In 637 the relics were transferred to the Basilica di San Clemente in Rome.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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So Polycarp and Ignatius are tied as friends, even though they are from different regions, and there is no record they crossed paths.

And Irenaeus, an early 'Greek Father', is also tied to Polycarp -
in Against Heresies III.3.4, Irenaeus relates how Polycarp told a story of
  • John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, "Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_A ... traditions
Irenaeus (early 2nd C. – c. AD 202) was Bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul (now Lyon, France) ... thought to have been a Greek from Polycarp's hometown of Smyrna in Asia Minor; now İzmir, west Turkey [on the Aegean Sea].[9]
  • 9 Irenaeus tells us (Against Heresies 3.3.4; cf Eusebius Historia Ecclesiastica 5.20.5ff) that in his 'youth' he saw Polycarp, the Bishop of Smyrna who was martyred c.156. This is the evidence used to assume that Irenaeus was born in Smyrna during the 130s–140s.

    * priest Lyon 161-180 during Marcus Aurelius persecutions
    * Against Heresies (c. 180) v Valentinus
    * influenced Victor re Quartodeciman thingy

    His writings, with those of Clement of Rome and Ignatius, are taken as among the earliest signs of the developing doctrine of the primacy of the Roman see.[2] Irenaeus is the earliest witness to recognition of the canonical character of all four gospels.[4]
    • 2 "Caesar and Christ"(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972)

      4 Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 14. Anchor Bible; 1st edition (1997). ISBN 978-0-385-24767-2.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaeus
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215), also known as Titus Flavius Clemens, was another 'Greek Father'.

A Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria1.

Neither Clement's birthdate or birthplace is known with any degree of certainty. It is conjectured that he was born in around 150.[3] According to Epiphanius Scholasticus, he was born in Athens, but there is also a tradition of an Alexandrian birth.

His parents were pagans, and Clement was a convert to Christianity. In the Protrepticus he displays an extensive knowledge of Greek mythology and mystery religions, which could only have arisen from the practice of his family's religion.[3]

Having rejected paganism as a young man due to its perceived moral corruption, he travelled in Greece, Asia Minor, Palestine and Egypt. Clement's journeys were primarily a religious undertaking. In Greece, he encountered an Ionian theologian, who has been identified as Athenagoras of Athens; while in the east, he was taught by an Assyrian, sometimes identified with Tatian, and a Jew, who was possibly Theophilus of Caesarea.[4] [could Clement of Alex. have met Theophilus of Antioch; see below ??]

In around 180, Clement reached Alexandria,[5] where he met Pantaenus, who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.[6] Eusebius suggests that Pantaenus was the head of the school, but it is controversial whether the institutions of the school were formalized in this way before the time of Origen.[7][8] Clement studied under Pantaenus, and was ordained to the priesthood by Pope Julian before 189. Otherwise, virtually nothing is known of Clement's life in Alexandria. He may have been married, a conjecture supported by his writings.[9]

During the Severian persecutions of 202–203, Clement left Alexandria. In 211, Alexander of Jerusalem wrote a letter commending him to the Church of Antioch,[10] which may imply that Clement was living in Cappadocia or Jerusalem at that time. The date and location of his death are unknown.

In one of his works he argued that Greek philosophy had its origin among non-Greeks, claiming that both Plato and Pythagoras were taught by Egyptian scholars.[2] Among his pupils were Origen and Alexander of Jerusalem.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria

1 The Catechetical School of Alexandria -
According to Jerome the Alexandrian school was founded by Mark the Apostle. The earliest recorded dean was Athenagoras [which is probably incorrect]. He was succeeded by Pantaenus 181, who was succeeded as head of the school by his student Clement of Alexandria in 190.a

"There is another opinion that the school was founded mid-second century,[5] around 190 AD [mid-late 2nd century AD]".

Other notable theologians with a connection to the school include Origen, Gregory Thaumaturgus, Heraclas, Dionysius "the Great", and Didymus the Blind. Others, including Jerome and Basil, made trips to the school to interact with the scholars there.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechetic ... Alexandria

a Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Clement of Alexandria, St.". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2 Development of the Idea of History in Antiquity, p 83, Gerald A. Press

3 Ferguson, John (1974). Clement of Alexandria. New York: Ardent Media. ISBN 978-0-8057-2231-4. p.13

6 Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 6.13.2; 6.6.1
.
.
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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None of these people had many, if any, ties to Galilee or Judea
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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MrMacSon wrote:None of these people had many, if any, ties to Galilee or Judea
Okay but to play devil's advocate here, what about the "list of bishops" of Jerusalem, before its final destruction in AD 135?

What about the references in the Pauline epistles to a collection for Jerusalem?

Does "Acts" count for anything?

What about the "Megiddo" archaeological site?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megiddo_ch ... 8Israel%29

Does "Samaria" count (Justin Martyr)?

What about Maximus of Jerusalem? (late 2nd c.)
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/i ... -wace.html
"... almost every critical biblical position was earlier advanced by skeptics." - Raymond Brown
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Sure. I was trying to move somewhat chronologically.

I had considered Acts: worth mentioning at this point.

I'm still intrigued at the relationships among most of those I've mentioned so far: loose horizontal relationships (Polycarp, Ignatius & Irenaeus) or vertical ones (eg. John the Apostle to Polycarp & Ignatius; Clement of Alexandria to Origen; which will go to Pamphilus and Eusebius).

In essentially 2-3 locations, so far, away from Palestine.
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Clement of Rome is on his own, with a single letter to Corinth.

eta: I hadn't intended focusing on people, but the early Fathers seems to be the best lead for geography.

Anyone else with input? information views? ideas?
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Re: the Geography of early Christianity

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Caesarea is also in Palestine (Pamphilus, Eusebius).
"... almost every critical biblical position was earlier advanced by skeptics." - Raymond Brown
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